Improvement in chubns



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JOHN MIDDLETON, OFl ZANES'VILLE, OHIO.

Letters P atent No. 81,810, dated September 1, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT In encens.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONGERN:

Beit known that I, JOHN L. MIDDLETON, ofZanesVlIc', in the county ofMuskingum, and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Churns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which are made a part of this specification.

I am aware that butter hasbeen made by placing the cream in a box orrectangularvessel, and turning 'the-latter continuously, the impingementof the cream against the sides of the box, and itsfagitationwithin thesame, effecting its conversion into butter without the aid of paddles,dashers, or other similar contrivances.

The subject of my inventionjs a churn, of the kind above ref-erredto,and the improvement consists in ak novel device for securing the lid,and admitting of its ready application and removal.

In the drawings- Figure 1 is apperspective viewof a. churn illustratingmy invention. Figure 2 is a vertical section, in a. plane oblique to-theaxis, showing the method of applying the lid; Similar lettersA ofreference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures. Ais a boxor rectangular vessel, having trunnions, B B, by which it is mounted toturn in bearings at the upper ends ofthe 'uprights C C, or othersuitable support;

The uprights are connected'at bottom bya bar, D, and rest uponground-sills, E-E, or other base.

' A handle, F, or yother means of turning the box A, is applied to oneof the trunnions, B. These trunnions do not -extendwithin the box A, theinterior of which is entirely void or empty, it having no suchappliances or projections'as are employed in other chorus, for thepurpose of breaking or agitating the cream.

In this churn, the effective result is due to the agitation produced bythe rotation of the box, andto the impingement-ofthe sides against thecream, or-vz'cebersa, as saidsides continuallyassume each othcrsposition. Hence, it isobviousthat the success of the operation dependsupon thel quantity of the contained cream relative tothe capacity -ot`the box, the impinging-surface, as well as the agitation, beingdetermined accordingly. Ohurns of this kind have heretofore been madeoblong, for the purpose of obtaining the desired capacity, as we'll asto secure a fre-e' rotary motion; but I attain a far more importantobject by making the box shallow in the direction of its axis, insteadof oblong. Thus, an oblong box containing a given amount of cream, willnctpresentas great au area of surface upon the sides, against which thecream is brought into effective contact, or at the corners,as,doesthe'churn-box made in accordance with my invention, that is, shallow ornarrow axially. The opening Grl in the churn,.throu`ghwhich the cream isintroduced, and the butter removed, I make somewhat oval in form, andprovide the samewix a lid, Gr, oi' corresponding shape. This lid isrebated upon, its under side,'so as to malte a water-tightjoint when'held firmly in position. It has a central aperture, through whiclrpassesascrew, g, to the outer cnd of which is made fast a handle, knob, orbutto'n, g1, which always turns with the screw. v The inner end of thescrew g engages a female-screw thread in the locking-bar H, which, beingheld hori. zontally, and in line with the lon-g diameter of the openingin the1churn,may hefreely passed through the said opening, which beingdone, the partial turning'oi` the button y1 serves to turn thelocking-bar H into line with the short diameter of the opening, and itbeing then arrested by a suitable stop, or by coming in contact with theside of the box, the further rotation ofthe screw g causes itscnds tobind'against the inside of thehox, at

the edge of said opening.

i By this contrivanoe, the lid isl retained very firmly in position,.yet a partial turn of the button and screw will suiice to loosen thelid, and bring the locking-bar into the position in which it may bewithdrawn as the lid is removed. Tho collar g2 prevents the screw from'moving longitudinally in the lid. I tis'manifest that the lid can beremovedorqapplied in anins-tant.

The opening Grl is provided with a'cast-iron rim, G', which preventssaid pcningffrom enlarging or diminishing in consequence of the.swelling or contracting ofthe wood. v Having thus described myinvention, what I claim as new, Vand desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-f- The churn A, having an opening, Gl, constructed aedescribed,incombination with the metallic lid'G, locking-bar II, screw g, andhandle, knob, or but/ton, 91, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

"To the abo've,I have'signcd my name, this"'14th dzyof August, 1868.

"JOHN L. MIDDLE-TON.

Witnesses:

JOHN A. Winonnsunnu, t Cms. D. SMITH.

